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Illustrations: Arsh Raziuddin; animation: Vishakha Darbha

The Prophecies of Q

American conspiracy theories are entering a dangerous new phase.

If yous were an adherent, no i would be able to tell. Y'all would expect like any other American. Yous could be a mother, picking leftovers off your toddler'south plate. You could exist the swain in headphones across the street. Yous could exist a bookkeeper, a dentist, a grandmother icing cupcakes in her kitchen. You may well take an affiliation with an evangelical church. Only y'all are difficult to identify simply from the way you expect—which is good, because anytime shortly dark forces may endeavour to rails you down. You empathise this sounds crazy, simply you don't care. You know that a pocket-size group of manipulators, operating in the shadows, pull the planet'southward strings. You know that they are powerful enough to abuse children without fear of retribution. You lot know that the mainstream media are their handmaidens, in partnership with Hillary Clinton and the secretive denizens of the deep land. You know that only Donald Trump stands between yous and a damned and ravaged world. You see plague and pestilence sweeping the planet, and empathise that they are part of the plan. You know that a disharmonism between practiced and evil cannot be avoided, and you yearn for the Great Enkindling that is coming. And so you must be on baby-sit at all times. You must shield your ears from the scorn of the ignorant. You must detect those who are like y'all. And you must be prepared to fight.

You lot know all this because you believe in Q.

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I. GENESIS

The origins of QAnon are recent, merely notwithstanding, separating myth from reality tin can exist hard. I identify to begin is with Edgar Maddison Welch, a deeply religious begetter of two, who until Lord's day, December 4, 2016, had lived an unremarkable life in the small town of Salisbury, North Carolina. That forenoon, Welch grabbed his cellphone, a box of shotgun shells, and three loaded guns—a nine-mm AR-15 burglarize, a 6-shot .38‑caliber Colt revolver, and a shotgun—and hopped into his Toyota Prius. He drove 360 miles to a well-to-do neighborhood in Northwest Washington, D.C.; parked his auto; put the revolver in a holster at his hip; held the AR-xv rifle beyond his chest; and walked through the forepart door of a pizzeria called Comet Ping Pong.

Comet happens to be the place where, on a Sunday afternoon two years earlier, my then-baby daughter tried her first-ever sip of water. Kids gather at that place with their parents and teammates later soccer games on Saturdays, and local bands perform on the weekends. In the dorsum, children challenge their grandparents to Ping-Pong matches as they await for their pizzas to come out of the big clay oven in the centre of the eating house. Comet Ping Pong is a beloved spot in Washington.

That 24-hour interval, people noticed Welch right away. An AR-15 rifle makes for a conspicuous sash in most social settings, but specially at a place similar Comet. As parents, children, and employees rushed outside, many all the same chewing, Welch began to move through the restaurant, at one point attempting to use a butter knife to pry open a locked door, before giving up and firing several rounds from his rifle into the lock. Behind the door was a small computer-storage closet. This was not what he was expecting.

Welch had traveled to Washington considering of a conspiracy theory known, now famously, as Pizzagate, which claimed that Hillary Clinton was running a child sex band out of Comet Ping Pong. The idea originated in Oct 2016, when WikiLeaks made public a trove of emails stolen from the account of John Podesta, a sometime White House chief of staff and so the chair of Clinton's presidential campaign; Comet was mentioned repeatedly in exchanges Podesta had with the eatery's owner, James Alefantis, and others. The emails were mainly nigh fundraising events, but loftier-profile pro–Donald Trump figures such as Mike Cernovich and Alex Jones began advancing the claim—which originated in trollish corners of the net (such as 4chan) and so spread to more accessible precincts (Twitter, YouTube)—that the emails were proof of ritualistic kid abuse. Some conspiracy theorists asserted that it was taking identify in the basement at Comet, where at that place is no basement. References in the emails to "pizza" and "pasta" were interpreted as lawmaking words for "girls" and "picayune boys."

Shortly afterward Trump'south ballot, as Pizzagate roared across the internet, Welch started binge-watching conspiracy-theory videos on YouTube. He tried to recruit assist from at least two people to carry out a vigilante raid, texting them about his want to sacrifice "the lives of a few for the lives of many" and to fight "a corrupt system that kidnaps, tortures and rapes babies and children in our own backyard." When Welch finally establish himself inside the restaurant and understood that Comet Ping Pong was simply a pizza shop, he set down his firearms, walked out the door, and surrendered to police, who had by then secured the perimeter. "The intel on this wasn't 100 percent," Welch told The New York Times after his arrest.

Welch seems to have sincerely believed that children were being held at Comet Ping Pong. His family and friends wrote letters to the judge on his behalf, describing him as a dedicated father, a devout Christian, and a man who went out of his fashion to care for others. Welch had trained as a volunteer fire fighter. He had gone on an earthquake-response mission to Republic of haiti with the local Baptist Men'southward Clan. A friend from his church building wrote, "He exhibits the actions of a person who strives to larn biblical truth and utilise it." Welch himself expressed what seemed like 18-carat remorse, saying in a handwritten note submitted to the judge by his lawyers: "It was never my intention to harm or frighten innocent lives, merely I realize now just how foolish and reckless my decision was." He was sentenced to iv years in prison house.

Pizzagate seemed to fade. Some of its most visible proponents, such as Jack Posobiec, a conspiracy theorist who is now a correspondent for the pro-Trump cable-news channel One America News Network, backed away. Facing the specter of legal activity by Alefantis, Alex Jones, who runs the conspiracy-theory website Infowars and hosts an affiliated radio show, apologized for promoting Pizzagate.

While Welch may take expressed regret, he gave no indication that he had stopped believing the underlying Pizzagate message: that a cabal of powerful elites was abusing children and getting away with information technology. Judging from a surge of activity on the internet, many others had constitute ways to movement across the Comet Ping Pong episode and remain focused on what they saw as the larger truth. If you paid attending to the right voices on the right websites, yous could see in real fourth dimension how the cadre premises of Pizzagate were being recycled, revised, and reinterpreted. The millions of people paying attention to sites like 4chan and Reddit could go on to larn about that secretive and untouchable cabal; near its malign actions and intentions; about its ties to the left wing and specifically to Democrats and particularly to Clinton; well-nigh its bloodlust and its moral degeneracy. Y'all could also—and this would prove essential—read near a small merely swelling ring of hole-and-corner American patriots fighting back.

All of this, taken together, defined a worldview that would shortly take a name: QAnon, derived from a mysterious effigy, "Q," posting anonymously on 4chan. QAnon does not possess a physical location, but information technology has an infrastructure, a literature, a growing body of adherents, and a great deal of merchandising. It likewise displays other key qualities that Pizzagate lacked. In the face of inconvenient facts, it has the ambiguity and adaptability to sustain a movement of this kind over time. For QAnon, every contradiction tin be explained away; no form of statement can prevail against it.

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Conspiracy theories are a constant in American history, and it is tempting to dismiss them as inconsequential. Simply as the 21st century has progressed, such a dismissal has begun to require willful blindness. I was a city-hall reporter for a local investigative-news site called Honolulu Civil Trounce in 2011 when Donald Trump was laying the background for a presidential run by publicly questioning whether Barack Obama had been born in Hawaii, as all facts and documents showed. Trump maintained that Obama had really been built-in in Africa, and therefore wasn't a natural-born American—making him ineligible for the highest office. I call up the debate in our Honolulu newsroom: Should we even cover this "birther" madness? As it turned out, the allegations, based entirely on lies, captivated enough people to requite Trump a launching pad.

Nine years later, as reports of a fearsome new virus suddenly emerged, and with Trump now president, a series of ideas began burbling in the QAnon community: that the coronavirus might non be real; that if it was, it had been created past the "deep country," the star sleeping accommodation of government officials and other elite figures who secretly run the world; that the hysteria surrounding the pandemic was office of a plot to hurt Trump's reelection chances; and that media elites were auspicious the death toll. Some of these ideas would brand their style onto Fox News and into the president'south public utterances. As of late last year, co-ordinate to The New York Times, Trump had retweeted accounts often focused on conspiracy theories, including those of QAnon, on at least 145 occasions.

The ability of the cyberspace was understood early on, just the full nature of that power—its ability to shatter whatsoever semblance of shared reality, undermining civil society and autonomous governance in the process—was not. The net also enabled unknown individuals to reach masses of people, at a calibration Marshall McLuhan never dreamed of. The warping of shared reality leads a human with an AR-15 rifle to invade a pizza shop. It brings online forums into being where people colorfully imagine the bump-off of a sometime secretary of land. It offers the hope of a Great Awakening, in which the elites will be routed and the truth will be revealed. It causes conversation sites to come up alive with commentary speculating that the coronavirus pandemic may be the moment QAnon has been waiting for. None of this could have been imagined every bit recently every bit the turn of the century.

QAnon is allegorical of modern America'southward susceptibility to conspiracy theories, and its enthusiasm for them. Just information technology is also already much more than a loose collection of conspiracy-minded chat-room inhabitants. It is a motility united in mass rejection of reason, objectivity, and other Enlightenment values. And we are probable closer to the beginning of its story than the end. The group harnesses paranoia to fervent hope and a deep sense of belonging. The mode it breathes life into an ancient preoccupation with stop-times is also radically new. To look at QAnon is to see non just a conspiracy theory but the birth of a new organized religion.

Many people were reluctant to speak with me about QAnon equally I reported this story. The motion's adherents have sometimes proved willing to take matters into their own hands. Last year, the FBI classified QAnon equally a domestic-terror threat in an internal memo. The memo took annotation of a California man arrested in 2018 with bomb-making materials. Co-ordinate to the FBI, he had planned to attack the Illinois capitol to "brand Americans enlightened of 'Pizzagate' and the New World Order (NWO) who were dismantling lodge." The memo as well took note of a QAnon follower in Nevada who was arrested in 2018 after blocking traffic on the Hoover Dam in an armored truck. The man, heavily armed, was demanding the release of the inspector full general's report on Hillary Clinton'due south emails. The FBI memo warned that conspiracy theories stoke the threat of extremist violence, especially when individuals "claiming to act as 'researchers' or 'investigators' unmarried out people, businesses, or groups which they falsely accuse of being involved in the imagined scheme."

QAnon adherents are feared for ferociously attacking skeptics online and for inciting physical violence. On a now-defunct Reddit board dedicated to QAnon, commenters took delight in describing Clinton's potential fate. I person wrote: "I'g surprised no one has assassinated her yet honestly." Another: "The buzzards rip her rotting corpse to shreds." A tertiary: "I want to run into her blood pouring down the gutters!"

Illustration: Arsh Raziuddin; animation: Vishakha Darbha

When I spoke with Clinton recently about QAnon, she said, "I just get nether their skin unlike anybody else … If I didn't have Secret Service protection going through my mail, finding weird stuff, tracking the threats against me—which are however very high—I would be worried." She has come to realize that the invented reality in which conspiracy theorists place her is not some bizarre parallel universe simply actually one that shapes our own. Referring to cyberspace trolling operations, Clinton said, "I don't think until relatively recently nigh people understood how well organized they were, and how many unlike components of their strategy they have put in place."

II. REVELATION

On Oct 28, 2017, the anonymous user now widely referred to as "Q" appeared for the first time on 4chan, a so-called image board that is known for its grotesque memes, sickening photographs, and fell teardown civilisation. Q predicted the imminent arrest of Hillary Clinton and a violent uprising nationwide, posting this:

HRC extradition already in motion effective yesterday with several countries in case of cantankerous border run. Passport approved to be flagged constructive 10/30 @ 12:01am. Expect massive riots organized in defiance and others fleeing the US to occur. US M's will conduct the operation while NG activated. Proof cheque: Locate a NG member and ask if activated for duty x/30 across most major cities.

And so this:

Mockingbird HRC detained, non arrested (notwithstanding). Where is Huma? Follow Huma. This has nothing to practise w/ Russia (yet). Why does Potus surround himself w/ generals? What is military intelligence? Why become around the 3 letter of the alphabet agencies? What Supreme Court case allows for the use of MI v Congressional assembled and approved agencies? Who has ultimate say-so over our branches of military w/o approving weather unless 90+ in wartime conditions? What is the military machine code? Where is AW beingness held? Why? POTUS will not go on television receiver to accost nation. POTUS must isolate himself to prevent negative optics. POTUS knew removing criminal rogue elements equally a outset step was essential to free and pass legislation. Who has access to everything classified? Do you believe HRC, Soros, Obama etc take more than power than Trump? Fantasy. Whoever controls the function of the Presidency controls this dandy country. They never believed for a moment they (Democrats and Republicans) would lose control. This is non a R 5 D battle. Why did Soros donate all his money recently? Why would he identify all his funds in a RC? Mockingbird x.30.17 God anoint fellow Patriots.

Clinton was not arrested on Oct 30, merely that didn't deter Q, who continued posting ominous predictions and cryptic riddles—with prompts like "Detect the reflection within the castle"—frequently written in the form of tantalizing fragments and rhetorical questions. Q made it clear that he wanted people to believe he was an intelligence officer or war machine official with Q clearance, a level of admission to classified information that includes nuclear-weapons blueprint and other highly sensitive material. (I'1000 using he because many Q followers do, though Q remains anonymous—hence "QAnon.") Q'southward tone is conspiratorial to the point of clichĂ©: "I've said as well much," and "Follow the money," and "Some things must remain classified to the very finish."

What might take languished equally a lonely screed on a unmarried image board instead incited fervor. Its profile was enhanced, according to Brandy Zadrozny and Ben Collins of NBC News, by several conspiracy theorists whose promotion of Q in turn helped build upward their own online profiles. By now, near three years since Q's original messages appeared, there take been thousands of what his followers call "Q drops"—messages posted to image boards past Q. He uses a countersign-protected "tripcode," a series of letters and numbers visible to other image-board users to signal the continuity of his identity over time. (Q's tripcode has changed on occasion, prompting flurries of speculation.) Every bit Q has moved from ane epitome board to the next—from 4chan to 8chan to 8kun, seeking a condom harbor—QAnon adherents have only become more than devoted. If the internet is one large rabbit hole containing infinitely recursive rabbit holes, QAnon has somehow found its way down all of them, gulping up lesser conspiracy theories every bit it goes.

In its broadest contours, the QAnon belief system looks something like this: Q is an intelligence or armed forces insider with proof that corrupt world leaders are secretly torturing children all over the world; the malefactors are embedded in the deep land; Donald Trump is working tirelessly to thwart them. ("These people need to ALL exist ELIMINATED," Q wrote in one postal service.) The eventual destruction of the global conduce is imminent, Q prophesies, but tin can be accomplished only with the support of patriots who search for meaning in Q's clues. To believe Q requires rejecting mainstream institutions, ignoring government officials, battling apostates, and despising the press. One of Q'south favorite rallying cries is "Y'all are the news now." Another is "Bask the testify," a phrase that his disciples regard as a reference to a coming apocalypse: When the earth every bit we know it comes to an end, everyone'south a spectator.

People who have taken Q to heart similar to say they've been paying attention from the very outset, the manner someone might brag nigh having listened to Radiohead earlier The Bends. A promise of foreknowledge is part of Q's appeal, as is the feeling of being part of a surreptitious community, which is reinforced through the use of acronyms and ritual phrases such as "Zip tin stop what is coming" and "Trust the plan."

1 phrase that serves equally a special touchstone among QAnon adherents is "the calm before the storm." Q first used it a few days after his initial post, and it arrived with a specific history. On the evening of October 5, 2017—non long before Q first made himself known on 4chan—President Trump stood beside the commencement lady in a loose semicircle with xx or so senior military leaders and their spouses for a photo in the State Dining Room at the White House. Reporters had been invited to watch as Trump's guests posed and smiled. Trump couldn't seem to end talking. "You guys know what this represents?" he asked at one point, tracing an incomplete circle in the air with his right index finger. "Tell us, sir," 1 onlooker replied. The president'southward response was cocky-satisfied, adjoining on a drawl: "Peradventure information technology's the calm before the storm."

"What's the tempest?" i of the journalists asked.

"Could exist the calm—the at-home before the storm," Trump said again. His repetition seemed to be for dramatic effect. The whir of camera shutters grew louder.

The reporters became insistent: "What tempest, Mr. President?"

A brusk response from Trump: "Yous'll find out."

Those 37 seconds of presidential ambiguity fabricated headlines right away—relations with Iran had been tense in recent days—but they would also go foundational lore for eventual followers of Q. The president's round manus gesture is of item interest to them. You may call back he was motioning to the semicircle gathered effectually him, they say, but he was really drawing the alphabetic character Q in the air. Was Trump playing the role of John the Baptist, proclaiming what was to come up? Was he himself the anointed 1?

Information technology's incommunicable to know the number of QAnon adherents with any precision, but the ranks are growing. At least 35 current or quondam congressional candidates take embraced Q, according to an online tally by the progressive nonprofit Media Matters for America. Those candidates have either directly praised QAnon in public or approvingly referenced QAnon slogans. (One Republican candidate for Congress, Matthew Lusk of Florida, includes QAnon under the "issues" department of his entrada website, posing the question: "Who is Q?") QAnon has by now fabricated its manner onto every major social and commercial platform and whatever number of fringe sites. Tracy Diaz, a QAnon evangelist, known online past the name TracyBeanz, has 185,000 followers on Twitter and more than than 100,000 YouTube subscribers. She helped elevator QAnon from obscurity, facilitating its transition to mainstream social media. (A publicist described Diaz as "actually private" and declined requests for an interview.) On TikTok, videos with the hashtag #QAnon have garnered millions of views. There are too many QAnon Facebook groups, plenty of them ghost towns, to do a proper count, but the most agile ones publish thousands of items each twenty-four hours. (In 2018, Reddit banned QAnon groups from its platform for inciting violence.)

Adherents are ever looking out for signs from on high, plumbing for portents when guidance from Q himself is absent. The coronavirus, for case—what does it signify? In several of the big Facebook groups, people erupted in a frenzy of speculation, circulating a theory that Trump's decision to wear a yellow tie to a White House briefing about the virus was a sign that the outbreak wasn't real: "He is telling the states in that location is no virus threat because it is the exact same color every bit the maritime flag that represents the vessel has no infected people on lath," someone wrote in a post that was widely shared and remixed across social media. Three days before the World Health Arrangement officially declared the coronavirus a pandemic, Trump was retweeting a QAnon-themed meme. "Who knows what this means, simply it sounds good to me!" the president wrote on March viii, sharing a Photoshopped image of himself playing a violin overlaid with the words "Nothing tin terminate what is coming."

On March 9, Q himself issued a triptych of ominous posts that seemed definitive: The coronavirus is real, just welcome, and followers should not exist afraid. The first post shared Trump's tweet from the night before and repeated, "Aught Tin can Finish What Is Coming." The second said: "The Slap-up Awakening is Worldwide." The 3rd was elementary: "GOD WINS."

A month later, on April eight, Q went on a posting spree, dropping nine posts over the span of half-dozen hours and touching on several of his favorite topics—God, Pizzagate, and the wickedness of the elites. "They volition stop at goose egg to regain power," he wrote in one scathing post that alleged a coordinated propaganda endeavor by Democrats, Hollywood, and the media. Another defendant Democrats of promoting "mass hysteria" about the coronavirus for political gain: "What is the principal benefit to proceed public in mass-hysteria re: COVID‑nineteen? Think voting. Are you awake yet? Q." And he shared these verses from Ephesians: "Finally, exist strong in the Lord and in the strength of His might. Put on the total armor of God so that you will be able to stand up firm against the schemes of the devil."

Anthony Fauci, the longtime director of the National Found of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, has go an object of scorn amid QAnon supporters who don't like the bad news he delivers or the way he has contradicted Trump publicly. In one March press conference, Trump referred to the Land Section as the "Deep State Department," and Fauci could be seen over the president'southward shoulder, suppressing a express mirth and covering his face. By and so, QAnon had already alleged Fauci irredeemably compromised, considering WikiLeaks had unearthed a pair of emails he sent praising Hillary Clinton in 2012 and 2013. Sentiment nearly Fauci among QAnon supporters on social-media platforms ranges from "Fauci is a Deep State boob" to "FAUCI is a BLACKHAT!!!"—the term QAnon uses for people who support the evil cabal that Q warns almost. One person, using the hashtags #DeepStateCabal and #Qanon, tweeted this: "Watch Fauci'due south hand signals and torso language at the press conferences. What is he communicating?" Another shared an image of Fauci standing in a lab with Barack Obama, with the caption "Obama and 'Dr.' Fauci in the lab creating coronovirus [sic]. #DeepstateDoctor." The Justice Department recently approved heightened security measures for Fauci because of the mounting volume of threats against him.

In the final days before Congress passed a $two trillion economic-relief package in tardily March, Democrats insisted on provisions that would make information technology easier for people to vote past mail, prompting Q himself to weigh in with dismay: "These people are sick! Nothing tin stop what is coming. Cipher."

Analogy: Arsh Raziuddin; Ira Wyman / Getty; Evan El-Amin / Shutterstock; animation: Vishakha Darbha

Three. BELIEVERS

On a bone-cold Thursday in early Jan, a crowd was swelling in downtown Toledo, Ohio. By lunchtime, vii hours before the start of Trump's starting time entrada rally of the new year's day, the line to become into the Huntington Center had already snaked around two city blocks. The air was electrical with possibility, and the whole scene possessed a Jimmy Buffett–meets–Michigan Militia temper: lots of white people, a good bargain of vaping, ruddy-white-and-blueish everything. Down the street, someone had affixed a 2-story imprint across the top of a burned-out brick building. It read: president trump, welcome to toledo, ohio: who is q … military intelligence? q+? ("Q+" is QAnon shorthand for Trump himself.) Vendors at the event were selling Q buttons and T-shirts. QAnon trade comes in a great variety; online, yous tin buy Great Awakening coffee ($xiv.99) and QAnon bracelets with tiny silver pizza charms ($xx.17).

I worked my way toward the back of the line, making small talk and asking who, if anyone, knew anything about QAnon. One woman's eyes lit upwards, and in a single fluid motion she unzipped and removed her jacket, then did a little jump so that her dorsum was to me. I could encounter a Q made out of duct tape, which she'd pressed onto her red T-shirt. Her name was Lorrie Shock, and the kickoff thing she wanted me to know was this: "We're non a domestic-terror grouping."

Shock was born in Ohio and never left, "a lifer," as she put it. She had worked at a Bridgestone factory, making machine parts, for most of her developed life. "Real hot and dirty work, simply good coin," she told me. "I got three kids through schoolhouse." Today, in what she calls her preretirement job, she cares for adults with special needs, spending her days in a tender routine of playing games with them and helping them in and out of a swimming pool. Daze came to the Trump rally with her friend Pat Harger, who had retired after 32 years at Whirlpool. Harger's wife runs a catering business, which is what had kept her from attending the rally that day. Harger and Daze are old friends. "Since the quaternary grade," Harger told me, "and nosotros're 57 years old."

Now that Shock's girls are grown and she's not working a factory job, she has more time for herself. That used to mean reading novels in the evening—she doesn't own a tv set—but now it means researching Q, who first came to her notice when someone she knew mentioned him on Facebook in 2017: "What defenseless my attention was 'research.' Practise your own research. Don't accept annihilation for granted. I don't intendance who says it, even President Trump. Do your own research, brand up your own mind."

The QAnon universe is sprawling and deep, with layer upon layer of context, acronyms, characters, and autograph to learn. The "castle" is the White House. "Crumbs" are clues. CBTS stands for "calm before the storm," and WWG1WGA stands for "Where nosotros get ane, nosotros go all," which has go an expression of solidarity amidst Q followers. (Both of these phrases, oddly, are used in the trailer for the 1996 Ridley Scott picture show White Squall—watch it on YouTube, and you'll see that the comments section is flooded with pro-Q sentiment.) There is as well a "Q clock," which refers to a calendar some factions of Q supporters use to try to decode supposed clues based on fourth dimension stamps of Q drops and Trump tweets.

At the height of her devotion, Shock was spending four to 6 hours a day reading and rereading Q drops, scouring documents online, taking notes. Now, she says, she spends closer to an 60 minutes or two a 24-hour interval. "When I outset started, everybody thought I was crazy," Shock said. That included her daughters, who are "very liberal Hillary and Bernie supporters," Shock said. "I yet love them. They think I'1000 crazy, but that'southward all right."

Harger, too, once thought Daze had lost information technology. "I was doubting her," he told me. "I would send her texts saying, Lorrie."

"He was similar, 'What the hell?' " Shock said, laughing. "So my comment to him would exist 'Do your own inquiry.' "

"And I did," Harger said. "And it's similar, Wow."

Taking a page from Trump's playbook, Q ofttimes rails confronting legitimate sources of data as fake. Shock and Harger rely on information they encounter on Facebook rather than news outlets run past journalists. They don't read the local paper or sentinel any of the major tv set networks. "You lot can't watch the news," Shock said. "Your news aqueduct ain't gonna tell united states shit." Harger says he likes I America News Network. Non so long agone, he used to lookout CNN, and couldn't go enough of Wolf Blitzer. "We were glued to that; we always have been," he said. "Until this man, Trump, really opened our eyes to what's happening. And Q. Q is telling the states beforehand the stuff that's going to happen." I asked Harger and Daze for examples of predictions that had come truthful. They could not provide specifics and instead encouraged me to practice the research myself. When I asked them how they explained the events Q had predicted that never happened, such as Clinton's arrest, they said that deception is part of Q's program. Shock added, "I think there were more things that were predicted that did happen." Her tone was gentle rather than indignant.

Harger wanted me to know that he'd voted for Obama the first time around. He grew upwardly in a family of Democrats. His dad was a spousal relationship guy. Only that was before Trump appeared and convinced Harger that he shouldn't trust the institutions he always thought he could. Shock nodded aslope him. "The reason I feel like I can trust Trump more than is, he'southward non part of the establishment," she said. At ane point, Harger told me I should wait into what happened to John F. Kennedy Jr.—who died in 1999, when his aeroplane crashed into the Atlantic Ocean off Martha'due south Vineyard—suggesting that Hillary Clinton had had him assassinated. (Alternatively, a contingent of QAnon believers say that JFK Jr. faked his expiry and that he's a behind-the-scenes Trump supporter, and perhaps even Q himself. Some anticipate his dramatic public return and then that he can serve equally Trump'southward running mate in 2020.) When I asked Harger whether there'due south whatever evidence to support the assassination claim, he flipped my question around: "Is at that place whatsoever evidence not to?"

Reading Daze'south Facebook page is an practice in contradictions, a toggling between banality and hostility. There she is in a yellowish kayak in her profile photograph, bright-red hair spilling out of a ski chapeau, a behemothic smiling on her face. There are the photos of her daughters, and of a granddaughter with Shirley Temple curls. Nevertheless Q is never far away. On Christmas Eve, Shock shared i mail service that seemed to come directly out of the QAnon universe just likewise pulled in an older, classic conspiracy: "Ten marks the spot over Roswell NM. X17 Fifth Strength Particle. Ten + Q Coincidence?" That same 24-hour interval, she shared a separate post suggesting that Michelle Obama is secretly a human. Someone responded with skepticism: "I am still not convinced. She shows and acts evil, but a man?" Shock'south respond: "Enquiry it." At that place was a postal service claiming that Representative Adam Schiff had raped the torso of a expressionless boy at the Chateau Marmont, in Los Angeles—Harger shows upwards hither, with a "huh??" in the comments—and a warning that George Soros was going after Christian evangelicals. In other posts, Shock playfully taunted "libs" and her "Trump-antisocial friends," and as well shared a video of her daughter singing Christmas carols.

In Toledo, I asked Shock if she had any theories virtually Q's identity. She answered immediately: "I recall information technology's Trump." I asked if she thinks Trump even knows how to utilise 4chan. The message lath is notoriously disruptive for the uninitiated, nil like Facebook and other social platforms designed to go far easy to publish chop-chop and ofttimes. "I think he knows way more than what we recollect," she said. Merely she as well wanted me to know that her obsession with Q wasn't about Trump. This had been something she was reluctant to speak about at first. Now, she said, "I feel God led me to Q. I really feel like God pushed me in this management. I feel like if it was deceitful, in my spirit, God would exist telling me, 'Enough'south enough.' But I don't feel that. I pray about information technology. I've said, 'Father, should I be wasting my time on this?' … And I don't feel that feeling of I should finish."

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Arthur Jones, the director of the documentary moving-picture show Feels Good Man, which tells the story of how net memes infiltrated politics in the 2016 presidential election, told me that QAnon reminds him of his childhood growing up in an evangelical-Christian family in the Ozarks. He said that many people he knew and then, and many people he meets now in the nigh devout parts of the land, are deeply interested in the Book of Revelation, and in trying to unpack "all of its pretty-hard-to-decipher prophecies." Jones went on: "I think the same kind of person would all all of a sudden start pulling at the threads of Q and start feeling similar everything is starting to autumn into place and brand sense. If you are an evangelical and yous await at Donald Trump on face value, he lies, he steals, he cheats, he's been married multiple times, he'due south clearly a sinner. Only you are trying to find a way that he is somehow function of God's plan."

You can't e'er tell what kind of Q follower y'all're encountering. Anyone using a Q hashtag could exist a truthful laic, like Daze, or simply someone cruising a site and playing along for a vicarious thrill. Surely there are people who know that Q is a fantasy but participate because at that place's an chemical element of QAnon that converges with a alive-action role-playing game. In the sprawling constellation of Q supporters, Shock and Harger seem prototypical. They happened upon Q and something clicked. The fable plugged neatly into their existing worldview.

4. PROFESSIONALS

Q may be bearding, merely leaders of the QAnon movement accept emerged in public and built their ain big audiences. David Hayes is ameliorate known by his online handle: PrayingMedic. In his YouTube videos, he exudes the fifty-fifty-keeled disciplinarian energy of a middle-schoolhouse main. PrayingMedic is i of the best-known QAnon evangelists on the planet. He has more than 300,000 Twitter followers and a like number of YouTube subscribers. Hayes, a one-time paramedic, lives in a terra-cotta-roofed subdivision in Gilbert, Arizona, with his wife, Denise, an artist whom he met on the dating site Christian Mingle in 2007. Both depict themselves as former atheists who came to their faith in God, and to each other, belatedly in life, later previous marriages. Hayes has been following Q since the beginning, or shut to information technology. "Q Anon is pretty darn interesting," he wrote on his Facebook page on December 12, 2017, half dozen weeks after Q's get-go post on 4chan. That same solar day, he wrote about a sudden calling he felt:

My dreams take suggested that God wants me to proceed my attending focused on politics and current events. After some prayer, I've decided to exercise a regular news and current events testify on Periscope. I'm trying to exercise one circulate a day. (The videos are also beingness posted to my Youtube channel.) That is all.

Hayes is a superstar in the Q universe. His video "Q for Beginners Part one" has been viewed more than 1 million times. "Some of the people who follow Q would consider themselves to exist conspiracy theorists," Hayes says in the video. "I do not consider myself to exist a conspiracy theorist. I consider myself to be a Q researcher. I don't accept anything against people who like to follow conspiracies. That'due south their thing. Information technology's not my matter."

Hayes has developed a following in part because of his sheer ubiquity just besides because he skillfully wears the pall of a skeptic—I'thou not one of those crazies. Hayes is non a QAnon hobbyist, though. He'south a professional. There are income streams to exist tapped, modest only expanding. On Amazon, Hayes's book Calm Earlier the Tempest, the first in what he says could hands exist a ten-book series of "Q Chronicles," sells for $15.29. Hayes writes in the introduction that he and Denise take devoted their attending full-time to QAnon since 2017. "Denise and I have been blessed by those who take helped back up us while nosotros gear up bated our usual work to research Q's letters," he wrote. He has published several other books, which offer a glimpse into an earlier life. The titles include Hearing God'south Vocalisation Made Unproblematic, Defeating Your Adversary in the Court of Heaven, and American Sniper: Lessons in Spiritual Warfare. Hayes registered Praying Medic every bit a religious nonprofit in Washington State in 2018.

Hayes tells his followers that he thinks Q is an open-source intelligence operation, made possible by the internet and designed by patriots fighting corruption within the intelligence community. His interpretation of Q is ultimately religious in nature, and centers on the idea of a Great Awakening. "I believe The Great Awakening has a double application," Hayes wrote in a web log post in Nov 2019.

It speaks of an intellectual awakening—the awareness by the public to the truth that nosotros've been enslaved in a corrupt political system. But the exposure of the unimaginable depravity of the elites volition lead to an increased awareness of our own depravity. Self-awareness of sin is fertile ground for spiritual revival. I believe the long-prophesied spiritual awakening lies on the other side of the storm.

Q followers concur that a Great Enkindling lies ahead, and will bring salvation. They differ in their personal preoccupations with respect to the hither and now. Some in the QAnon world are highly focused on what they perceive as degeneracy in the mainstream media, a perception fueled in equal measure by Q and by Trump. Others obsess over the intelligence community and the notion of a deep country. An active subsection of Q followers probes the Jeffrey Epstein case. There are those who claim knowledge of a 16-twelvemonth program by Hillary Clinton and Barack Obama to destroy the United States by means of mass drought, weaponized disease, nutrient shortages, and nuclear war. During the investigation into Russian interference in the 2016 presidential election, some Q followers promoted the idea that Trump was secretly working with Robert Mueller, and that the special counsel'southward report would both exonerate Trump and lead to mass arrests of members of the decadent cabal. (The eventual Mueller report, released in April 2019, neither exonerated Trump nor led to mass arrests.)

These divergent byways are elemental to QAnon's staying power—this is a very welcoming belief system, warm in its tolerance for contradiction—and are also what makes it possible for a applied man like Hayes to play the role that he does. QAnon is complex and confusing. People from all over the net seek guidance from someone who seems levelheaded. (Hayes was quick to respond to my emails merely declined requests for an interview. He complained to me that journalists pass up to come across QAnon for what it really is, and therefore cannot be trusted.)

The most prominent QAnon figures have a presence across the biggest social-media platforms and image boards. The Q universe encompasses numerous blogs, proprietary websites, and types of chat software, besides as alternative social-media platforms such as Gab, the site known for anti-Semitism and white nationalism, where many people banned from Twitter have congregated. Vloggers and bloggers promote their Patreon accounts, where people tin can pay them in monthly sums. There's too money to be made from ads on YouTube. That seems to be the primary focus for Hayes, whose videos have been viewed more than 33 meg times altogether. His "Q for Beginners" video includes ads from companies such as the vacation-rental site Vrbo and from The Epoch Times, an international pro-Trump newspaper. Q evangelists have taken a "publish everywhere" approach that is one-half outreach, half redundancy. If i platform cracks down on QAnon, as Reddit did, they won't have to start from scratch somewhere else. Already embroiled in the battle between good and evil, QAnon has involved itself in another battle—between the notion of an open web for the people and a gated cyberspace controlled by a powerful few.

Illustration: Arsh Raziuddin; animation: Vishakha Darbha

V. WHO IS Q?

Any new belief system runs into opposition. In December 2018, Matt Patten, a veteran SWAT-squad sergeant in the Broward Canton Sheriff'southward Office, in Florida, was photographed with Vice President Mike Pence on an airport tarmac. Patten wore a patch on his tactical belong that bore the letter Q. The photograph was tweeted by the vice president's part and so went viral in the QAnon community. The tweet was speedily taken down. Patten was demoted. When I knocked on his door on a gloomy 24-hour interval in Baronial, no 1 answered. But equally I turned to leave, I noticed 2 big bumper stickers on the white mailbox out forepart. One said trump, and the other said #qanon: patriots fight.

Late last summertime, Q himself lost his platform. He had migrated from 4chan (fearing that the site had been "infiltrated") to the image lath 8chan, and then 8chan went nighttime. Three days before I stood on Patten's doorstep, 22 people had been killed in a mass shooting at a Walmart in El Paso, Texas, and police revealed that the alleged killer had posted a manifesto on 8chan just earlier carrying out the attack. The episode had eerie similarities to two other shootings. Iv months earlier, in April 2019, the suspected shooter in a murderous rampage at a synagogue in Poway, California, had posted an anti-Semitic letter on 8chan. Weeks before that, the human who killed 51 worshippers at two New Zealand mosques had posted a white-supremacist manifesto on 8chan.

After El Paso, 8chan's owner, Jim Watkins, was ordered to prove before the House Committee on Homeland Security. Watkins had bought the site iv years earlier from its founder, Fredrick Brennan, now 26, who eventually cutting all ties to 8chan. "Regrettably, this is at least the 3rd deed of white supremacist extremist violence linked to your website this year," wrote Representatives Bennie Thompson, a Democrat from Mississippi, and Mike Rogers, a Republican from Alabama, when they summoned Watkins to Capitol Hill. "Americans deserve to know what, if anything, you, equally the owner and operator, are doing to address the proliferation of extremist content on 8chan."

8chan had already lost crucial services, which had forced information technology to shut downwardly. The CEO of Cloudflare, which had helped protect the site from cyberattacks, explained his decision to drop 8chan in an open alphabetic character afterward the El Paso shooting: "The rationale is simple: They accept proven themselves to exist lawless and that lawlessness has caused multiple tragic deaths." Watkins promised to keep the site off the internet until later his congressional appearance. He is a former U.Southward. Army helicopter repairman who got into the business of websites while he was still in the war machine. Among other things, in 1997, he launched a successful porn site called Asian Bikini Bar. On his YouTube aqueduct, where he posts under the username Watkins Xerxes, he frequently sings hymns, reads verses from the Bible, praises Trump, and touches on themes underlying QAnon—warning against the deep country and reminding his audience members that they are now "the bodily reporting mechanism of the news." He also shows off his fountain-pen drove and practices yoga. When he arrived on Capitol Hill, in September 2019, Watkins wore a bulbous silver Q pinned to his collar. His testimony was behind closed doors. In November, 8chan flickered dorsum to life every bit 8kun. It was sporadically accessible, limping forth through a series of cyberattacks. It received assistance from a Russian hosting service that is typically associated with spreading malware. When Q reappeared on 8kun, he used the same tripcode that he had used on 8chan. He posted other hints meant to verify the continuity of his identity, including an image of a notebook and a pen that had appeared in before posts.

Fredrick Brennan's theory is that Jim and his son Ron, who is the site's administrator, knew 8kun needed Q to attract users. "I definitely, definitely, 100 percent believe that Q either knows Jim or Ron Watkins, or was hired by Jim or Ron Watkins," Brennan told me. Jim and Ron take both denied knowing Q'due south identity. "I don't know who Q is," Ron told me in a direct message on Twitter. Jim told an interviewer on I America News Network in September 2019: "I don't know who QAnon is. Really, we run an bearding website." Both insist that they intendance about maintaining 8kun simply because it is a platform for unfettered complimentary speech. "8kun is like a piece of newspaper, and the users decide what is written on information technology," Ron told me. "There are many dissimilar topics and users from many different backgrounds." But their interest in Q is well documented. In February, Jim started a super PAC chosen Disarm the Deep State, which echoes Q's letters and which is running paid ads on 8kun.

Brennan has long been feuding with the Watkinses. Jim is suing Brennan for libel in the Philippines, where they both lived until recently, and Brennan is actively fighting Jim's attempts to get a naturalized citizen there. "They kept Q alive," Brennan told me. "We wouldn't be talking about this right at present if Q didn't become on the new 8kun. The entire reason we're talking about this is they're directly related to Q. And, y'all know, I worry constantly that there is going to exist, equally early as November 2020, some kind of shooting or something related to Q if Trump loses. Or parents killing their children to save them from the hell-earth that is to come considering the deep country has won. These are real possibilities. I just experience like what they have done is totally irresponsible to keep Q going."

The story of Q is premised on the need for Q to remain anonymous. It'due south why Q originally picked 4chan, one of the last places built for anonymity on the social web. "I've often related Q to previous figures like John Titor or Satoshi Nakamoto," Brennan told me, referring to two legends of cyberspace anonymity. Satoshi Nakamoto is the name used by the unknown creator of bitcoin. John Titor is the name used on several message boards in 2000 and 2001 by someone challenge to exist a armed forces time traveler from the year 2036.

QAnon adherents see Q's anonymity equally proof of Q's brownie—despite their deep mistrust of unnamed sources in the media. Every faction of QAnon has its ain hunches, alliances, and interpersonal dramas related to the question of Q's identity. The theories fit into iii broad groups. In the first group are theories that assume Q is a single individual who has been posting all alone this unabridged time. This is where you'll find the people who say that Trump himself is Q, or even that PrayingMedic is Q. (This category likewise includes the possibility, raised by people exterior of QAnon, that Q is a alone Trump supporter who started posting as a form of fan fiction, not realizing it would accept off; and the idea that Q began posting in guild to parody Trump and his supporters, not anticipating that people would take him seriously.) The 2nd grouping of theories holds that the original Q posted continuously for a while, but and then something inverse. This second category includes Brennan'south idea that the Watkinses are now paying Q, or are paying someone to behave on as Q, or are even acting as Q themselves. The tertiary group of theories holds that Q is a collective, with a small number of people sharing access to the account. This third category includes the notion that Q is a new kind of open-source military-intelligence agency.

Many QAnon adherents run into significance in Trump tweets containing words that begin with the letter Q. Recent world events have rewarded them amply. "I am a great friend and admirer of the Queen & the United Kingdom," Trump began one tweet on March 29. The day before, he had tweeted this: "I am giving consideration to a QUARANTINE." The Q crowd seized on both tweets, arguing that if you ignore most of the letters in the messages, you'll find a confession from Trump: "I am … Q."

VI. REASON VERSUS Faith

In a Miami coffee shop last year, I met with a homo who has gotten a flurry of attention in contempo years for his research on conspiracy theories—a political-science professor at the Academy of Miami named Joseph Uscinski. I take known Uscinski for years, and his views are nuanced, deeply informed, and far from anything y'all would consider knee-wiggle partisanship. Many people assume, he told me, that a propensity for conspiracy thinking is predictable forth ideological lines. That'south incorrect, he explained. It'southward better to think of conspiracy thinking every bit independent of party politics. Information technology'south a particular grade of listen-wiring. And information technology's by and large characterized past acceptance of the post-obit propositions: Our lives are controlled by plots hatched in secret places. Although we ostensibly alive in a republic, a pocket-size group of people run everything, only we don't know who they are. When big events occur—pandemics, recessions, wars, terrorist attacks—it is because that secretive group is working confronting the rest of u.s..

QAnon isn't a far-correct conspiracy, the style it's frequently described, Uscinski went on, despite its manifestly pro-Trump narrative. And that's because Trump isn't a typical far-correct politician. Q appeals to people with the greatest allure to conspiracy thinking of any kind, and that appeal crosses ideological lines.

Many of the people nigh decumbent to believing conspiracy theories run into themselves as victim-warriors fighting against corrupt and powerful forces. They share a hatred of mainstream elites. That helps explain why cycles of populism and conspiracy thinking seem to rise and fall together. Conspiracy thinking is at once a crusade and a consequence of what Richard Hofstadter in 1964 famously described as "the paranoid style" in American politics. But do not brand the mistake of thinking that conspiracy theories are scribbled but in the marginalia of American history. They color every major news event: the bump-off of John F. Kennedy, the moon landing, 9/11. They have helped sustain consequential eruptions, such as McCarthyism in the 1950s and anti-Semitism at any moment you choose. Simply QAnon is different. It may be propelled by paranoia and populism, but it is also propelled by religious faith. The language of evangelical Christianity has come to define the Q motility. QAnon marries an appetite for the conspiratorial with positive beliefs about a radically unlike and better future, one that is preordained.

That was function of the reason Uscinski's mother, Shelly, 62, was attracted to QAnon. Shelly, who lives in New Hampshire, was tooling around on YouTube a couple of years agone, looking for how-to videos—she can't retrieve for what, exactly, maybe a tutorial on how to get her car windows sparkling-clean—and the algorithm served upwardly QAnon. She remembers a feeling of magnetic attraction. "Like, Wow, what is this?" she recalled when I spoke with her by phone. "For me, it was revealing some things that maybe I was hoping would come to pass." She sensed that Q knew her anxieties—every bit if someone was taking her railroad train of thought and "really verbalizing information technology." Shelly'southward frustrations are broad, and directed primarily at the institutions she sees every bit cleaved. She'south fed up with the instruction system, the financial organization, the media. "Even our churches are out of whack," she said. One of the things that resonated virtually with her about Q was his disgust with "the fake news." She gets her information generally from Play a joke on News, Twitter, and the New Hampshire Union Leader. "In my lifetime, I gauge, things accept gotten progressively worse," Shelly said. She added a piffling later: "Q gives us hope. And it'south a good thing, to be hopeful."

Shelly likes that Q occasionally quotes from scripture, and she likes that he encourages people to pray. In the finish, she said, QAnon is about something so much bigger than Trump or anyone else. "There are QAnon followers out there," Shelly said, "who advise that what we're going through now, in this crazy political realm we're in now, with all of the things that are happening worldwide, is very biblical, and that this is Armageddon."

I asked her if she thinks the terminate of the world is upon us. "It wouldn't surprise me," she said.

Joseph Uscinski is disturbed by his mother's conventionalities in QAnon. He's not comfortable talking most it. And Shelly doesn't quite capeesh the irony of the family'southward situation, because she doesn't believe QAnon is a class of conspiracy thinking in the first identify. At one point in our conversation, when I referred to QAnon as a conspiracy theory, she quickly interrupted: "It'south not a theory. Information technology's the foretelling of things to come up." She laughed difficult when I asked if she had e'er tried to get Joseph to believe in QAnon. The answer was an unequivocal no: "I'm his mom, and then I beloved him."

VII. APOCALYPSE

Watchkeepers for the End of Days tin can hands find signs of impending doom—in comets and earthquakes, in wars and pandemics. It has always been this way. In 1831, a Baptist preacher in rural New York named William Miller began to publicly share his prediction that the Second Coming of Jesus was imminent. Eventually he settled on a engagement: October 22, 1844. When the sun came up on October 23, his followers, known equally the Millerites, were crushed. The episode would come to be known as the Keen Thwarting. But they did not give up. The Millerites became the Adventists, who in turn became the Seventh-day Adventists, who now have a worldwide membership of more than xx million. "These people in the QAnon community—I experience like they are as deeply delusional, equally deeply invested in their beliefs, as the Millerites were," Travis View, one of the hosts of a podcast chosen QAnon Anonymous, which subjects QAnon to acerbic analysis, told me. "That makes me pretty confident that this is not something that is going to go away with the stop of the Trump presidency."

QAnon carries on a tradition of apocalyptic thinking that has spanned thousands of years. It offers a polemic to empower those who experience afloat. In his archetype 1957 volume, The Pursuit of the Millennium, the historian Norman Cohn examined the emergence of apocalyptic thinking over many centuries. He found i common status: This way of thinking consistently emerged in regions where rapid social and economic change was taking place—and at periods of time when displays of spectacular wealth were highly visible but unavailable to most people. This was true in Europe during the Crusades in the 11th century, and during the Black Death in the 14th century, and in the Rhine Valley in the 16th century, and in William Miller's New York in the 19th century. It is truthful in America in the 21st century.

The Seventh-day Adventists and the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-mean solar day Saints are thriving religious movements indigenous to America. Do non be surprised if QAnon becomes another. It already has more than adherents past far than either of those two denominations had in the get-go decades of their existence. People are expressing their religion through devoted study of Q drops every bit installments of a foundational text, through the development of Q-worshipping groups, and through sweeping expressions of gratitude for what Q has brought to their lives. Does information technology affair that we exercise not know who Q is? The divine is e'er a mystery. Does it affair that basic aspects of Q's teachings cannot be confirmed? The bones tenets of Christianity cannot exist confirmed. Amongst the people of QAnon, faith remains accented. True believers describe a feeling of rebirth, an irreversible arousal to existential knowledge. They are sure that a Nifty Awakening is coming. They'll wait as long as they must for deliverance.

Trust the plan. Enjoy the show. Nothing tin can stop what is coming.


This article appears in the June 2020 print edition with the headline "Nothing Can Terminate What Is Coming." It was published online on May xiv, 2020.

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Source: https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2020/06/qanon-nothing-can-stop-what-is-coming/610567/

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